60 Gaj House Design in India
 Visakhapatnam (D66), the lead ship of the class. | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Visakhapatnam class |
| Builders | Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) |
| Operators |  Indian Navy |
| Preceded by | Kolkata class |
| Cost |
|
| Planned | 4 |
| Building | 2 |
| Completed | 2 |
| Active | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Stealth Guided missile destroyer |
| Displacement | 7,400 t (7,300 long tons; 8,200 short tons)[1] |
| Length | 163 m (535 ft) |
| Beam | 17.4 m (57 ft) |
| Draft | 6.5 m (21 ft) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | In excess of 30 knots (56 km/h) |
| Range | 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Endurance | 45 days |
| Boats & landing craft carried | 4 x RHIB |
| Crew | 300 (50 officers + 250 sailors) |
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Electronic warfare & decoys |
|
| Armament |
|
| Aircraft carried | 2 × Sea King Mk. 42B or HAL Dhruv[3] |
| Aviation facilities | Flight deck and enclosed hangar, with a "rail-less" helicopter traversing system (for securing the helicopter in case of adverse weather conditions)[2] |
The Visakhapatnam-class destroyers, or P-15 Bravo-class, or simply P-15B, is a class of guided-missile destroyers currently being built for the Indian Navy.[21] Noted for being the largest-ever destroyers to be built in India, the Visakhapatnam-class is an upgraded derivative of its predecessor, the Kolkata-class, with improved features of stealth, automation and ordnance.[22]
Designed by the Directorate of Naval Design, a total of four ships are being built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), under the Make in India initiative.[23] The first vessel of the class, INS Visakhapatnam was commissioned on 21 November 2021.[24] The Indian Navy plans to have all four destroyers in active service by 2024.[25]
Development [edit]
In January 2011, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved a new class of destroyers meant to complement the Kolkata-class destroyers. The objective of the new class was to retain the same hull of the P-15A destroyers, while simultaneously incorporating significant modifications in the superstructure and to improve the ship's survivability characteristics. A total of four destroyers were ordered under P-15B, at a total cost of ₹29,340 crore (US$4 billion).[26] [27] However, the overall cost is around ₹35,800 crore (US$5 billion) which includes a weapons and sensor package cleared in January 2020.[28]
Construction [edit]
The contract for the construction of the four destroyers was signed in January 2011. The keel of the first ship, Visakhapatnam, was laid in October 2013 and it was launched in April 2015.[29] [30] Mormugao was launched in September 2016, while Imphal was launched in April 2019.[31] [32] Surat, the final ship of the class, was laid down in July 2018.[33]
Visakhapatnam successfully concluded its basin trials in December 2020, and commenced sea trials in 2021; she was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 October 2021.[34] [35] [36]
Visakhapatnam was commissioned on 21 November 2021, at the Indian Navy's Western Naval Command, headquartered in Mumbai.[37] [38] Mormugao completed its basin trials on 14 December, 2021 and put to its sea trials on 19 December, coinciding with the 60th anniversary of Goa Liberation Day.[39] [40] Mormugao is expected to be commissioned by 2022, while Imphal - the third vessel in the class, is expected to be commissioned by 2024.[41]
The Indian Navy plans to have all four destroyers in active service, by no later than 2025.[42]
Design [edit]
The Visakhapatnam-class (P-15B), was designed by the Directorate of Naval Design, a branch of the Indian Navy responsible for designing warships.[43] The Visakhapatnam-class retains a significant amount of its hull design, propulsion systems, sensors and ordnance from its predecessor, the Kolkata-class (P-15A), to benefit from series production.[44] However, the P-15B features a lower radar cross-section, through modifications in the superstructure and the utilization of "radar-transparent" deck-fittings and radar-absorbent paint, which makes the vessels difficult to detect.[44] The P-15B destroyers also incorporates newer design concepts for improved survivability, sea keeping, stealth and maneuverability.[45] The vessels of the class utilize the "DMR 249A" steel - a low carbon micro-alloyed grade of steel, indigenously developed and manufactured by the Steel Authority of India (SAIL).[46] [47]
According to MDL, the P-15B destroyers can accommodate a crew of 312 personnel, has an endurance of 4,000 nautical miles and can execute out a typical 42-day mission with an extended mission-time for an "out-of-area operation" (blue-water operations). The destroyers also possess high levels of automation, with sophisticated digital networks such as "Gigabyte Ethernet-based Ship Data Network", a "Combat Management System", an "Automatic Power Management System" and an "Integrated Platform Management System".[48] The indigenous content in P-15B destroyers has been reported be around 72%, in comparison to the P-15A destroyers (59%) and P-15 destroyers (42%).[48] The destroyers will feature multiple fire zones, battle damage control systems and distributional power systems for improved survivability and reliability in emergent conditions. The total atmospheric control system on board the vessel will protect the crew from chemical, biological and nuclear threats.[49] [50]
The P-15B destroyers also incorporate a diverse range of equipment from various manufacturers; Russia's Baltic Shipyard was contracted to supply four Line shafts, while two Zorya M36E gas turbines were procured from Ukraine.[51] The RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers and the 533 mm torpedo tubes were manufactured by Larsen & Toubro (L&T), the Barak-8 surface-to-air missiles were manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), the 76 mm naval gun was manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), while the BrahMos cruise missiles were manufactured by BrahMos Aerospace.[51]
Weapons systems [edit]
The vessels of the class are equipped with a OTO Melara 76 mm naval gun. Originally, the Indian Navy had planned to equip the vessels of the class with the Mark 45 127 mm naval gun, manufactured by BAE; however, this plan was reported to have been scrapped, on grounds of financial issues.[14] For point defence, the vessels are equipped with four AK-630M close-in weapon systems (CIWS), with two systems on either side of the superstructure.[6]
For anti-air warfare (AAM), the destroyers are equipped with 32 Barak-8ER surface-to-air missiles (LR-SAM), in four 8-cell VLS.[52] For anti-surface warfare (ASuW), the destroyers are equipped with 16 BrahMos anti-ship missiles (AShM) (also used as land-attack missile (LAM)), enclosed in two 8-cell VLS at the bow.[2]
For anti-submarine warfare (ASW), each destroyer is equipped with two twin torpedo launchers, presumably[ citation needed ] for launching the Varunastra heavyweight torpedo, developed by the DRDO.[2] [53] The destroyers are also equipped with two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers, primarily for firing ASW rockets[2] Reportedly, the Nirbhay cruise missile and the VL-SRSAM surface-to-air missile have been speculated to be future additions to the destroyers.[6]
Each destroyer is equipped with a helicopter hangar to accommodate two medium-sized helicopters – primarily the HAL Dhruv, or the Westland Sea King Mk. 42B; the ships are equipped with a "rail-less" helicopter traversing system, meant for securing the helicopter, in case of adverse weather conditions at sea.[2]
Sensors and countermeasures [edit]
The destroyers feature the IAI EL/M-2248 MF-STAR S band active electronically scanned array radar, for tracking both air and surface targets.[2] The destroyers are also equipped with the Thales LW-08 D-Band air-search radar, for tracking/monitoring aerial targets.[54]
For underwater surveillance, the destroyers are equipped with the BEL HUMSA-NG bow sonar, and the BEL Nagin active towed array sonar.[55]
The destroyers feature the "Shakthi" electronic warfare (EW) suite - developed by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), for defense against anti-ship missiles and for the interception, detection, classification, identification and jamming of conventional radars.[56] "Shakthi" is equipped with wide-band electronic warfare support measures (ESM), electronic countermeasures (ECM), an integrated "Radar Finger Printing System (RFPS)" and a data-recording replay feature for "post-mission analysis".[57] [58] The destroyers also reportedly feature the "Deseaver Mk-II" ECM suite, manufactured by Elbit Systems.[55]
As for the class' defensive abilities, each destroyer is equipped with two Kavach anti-missile decoy systems – for neutralizing aerial threats, and the NSTL Maareech torpedo-countermeasure systems – for defense against torpedoes.[6]
Difference from the Kolkata-class destroyers [edit]
The P-15A (Kolkata-class) destroyers and the P-15B (Visakhapatnam-class) destroyers have no major physical differences, except for the differing bridge layouts; the bridge of the P-15B destroyers starkly differs to that of the P-15A – they were designed in such a way so as to reduce radar cross-section (RCS), and to improve survivability.[2] [59]
The P-15A and the P-15B destroyers differ from each other, in terms of equipment.[60] [13]
- The Visakhapatnam-class is armed with a Mark 45 127 mm naval gun, while the Kolkata-class is armed with an OTO Melara 76 mm naval gun. (The plan to equip the Visakhapatnam-class with the Mark 45 127 mm gun was scrapped on grounds of financial issues, and was replaced with the OTO Melara 76 mm gun).[14]
- The sonar will be relocated from the hull to the bow.
- A revised bridge layout and mast design to reduce radar cross-section (RCS).
- A "rail-less" helicopter traversing system to secure the helicopter, in case of adverse weather conditions at sea.
- A network-centric layout with a Ship Data Network (SDN), an Automatic Power Management System (APMS) and a Combat Management System (CMS).
Ships in class [edit]
| Name | Pennant | Yard No | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Homeport | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visakhapatnam | D66 | 12704 | Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) | 12 October 2013[61] [62] | 20 April 2015[63] | 21 November 2021[64] [65] | Active | |
| Mormugao | D67 | 12705 | 4 June 2015[66] | 17 September 2016[67] | 2022 (expected) | Sea Trials[68] | ||
| Imphal [69] | D68 | 12706 | 19 May 2017[70] | 20 April 2019[69] | 2024 (expected) | Fitting out | ||
| Surat [71] | D69 | 12707 | 19 July 2018[71] | 2025 (expected) | Under construction[71] |
Gallery [edit]
See also [edit]
- Future of the Indian Navy
- List of destroyers of India
- List of active Indian Navy ships
Destroyers of comparable roles
- Kolkata-class destroyer – the predecessor to the Visakhapatnam-class.
- Type 052D destroyer – a class of destroyers operated by China.
- Hobart-class destroyer – a class of destroyers operated by Australia.
- Type 45 destroyer – a class of destroyers operated by the United Kingdom.
- Atago-class destroyer – a class of destroyers operated by Japan.
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- ^ "MORMUGAO, INDIAN NAVY'S SECOND SHIP OF THE PROJECT 15B, SAILS FOR MAIDEN SEA TRIALS ON GOA LIBERATION DAY" (Press release). PIB. 19 December 2021.
- ^ a b Sagar, Pradip (20 April 2019). "Indian Navy launches new stealthy guided missile destroyer — INS Imphal". The Week.
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- ^ a b c @ANI (16 November 2021). "Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will formally Commission INS Vishakhapatnam on Nov 21 in Mumbai. The next warships of the class would be named after important cities in the country including Mormogao, Imphal, and Surat: Navy Vice Admiral SN Ghormade" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
External links [edit]
- Kolkata-class destroyer – Bharat Rakshak
- Aegis Vessels of the World – Kolkata-class – details on the specifications of the ship and recent images of INS Kolkata at sea.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer
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